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| Title: | List of Historically Informed Political Leaders | |||
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| Date of publishing: | February 08, 2023 | |||
| Hits: | 5904 | |||
| Category: | Other content | |||
List of Historically Informed Political Leaders
(Last updated 2 December 2024)
PRESENTATION
There are two lists:
(1) Main List of Political Leaders (1900–Present)
(2) List of Political Leaders (before 1900).
DEFINITION
Political leaders are called “political leaders with distinct historical consciousness” or “historically informed political leaders” or “historically oriented political leaders” if they meet one or more of the following criteria before, during, or after their political career:
(1) They received a formal history education;
(2) They wrote a historical work;
(3) They gave important speeches with substantial historical content;
(4) They displayed a sustained interest in history in other demonstrable ways.
DISCLAIMER
NCH does not necessarily share the views, historical or otherwise, or approve the actions of the persons on this list.
SOURCE
This list is an update of the list first published in Antoon De Baets, “The Historian-King: Political Leaders, Historical Consciousness, and Wise Government,” in Stefan Berger, ed., The Engaged Historian: Perspectives on the Intersections of Politics, Activism and the Historical Profession (New York and Oxford: Berghahn, 2019), 98–105.
MAIN LIST OF POLITICAL LEADERS (1900–PRESENT)
Albania
Enver Hoxha
Aleksander Meksi
Angola
João Lourenço
Argentina
Bartolomé Mitre Martínez
Juan Domingo Perón
Armenia
Levon Ter-Petrosian
Australia
Alfred Deakin
Paul Hasluck
Gough Whitlam
Paul Keating
John Howard
Kevin Rudd
Azerbaijan
Abulfaz Elchibey
Haydar Aliyev
Ilham Aliyev
Belarus
Aleksandr Lukashenko
Bolivia
Carlos Mesa Gisbert
Brazil
Jânio Quadros
Dilma Rousseff
Jair Bolsonaro
Bulgaria
Ivan Geshov
Bogdan Filov
Todor Zhivkov
Nikolai Todorov
Zhelyu Zhelev
Georgi Parvanov
Sergey Stanishev
Burma/Myanmar
U Nu
Maung Maung
Cambodia
Norodom Sihanouk
Pol Pot
Canada
Lester Pearson
Joe Clark
Justin Trudeau
Chile
Luis Barros Borgoño
Eduardo Frei
Augusto Pinochet
China
Sun Yat-sen
Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong
Zhou Enlai
Hu Yaobang
Xi Jinping
Colombia
Eduardo Santos
Costa Rica
Cleto González Víquez
Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera
Carlos Alvarado Quesada
Croatia
Franjo Tudjman
Cuba
Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso
Fidel Castro Ruz
Cyprus
Demetris Christofias
Czechoslovakia
Tomáš Masaryk
Gustav Husák
Czech Republic
Václav Havel
Petr Pithart
Petr Fiala
Denmark
Niels Neergaard
Margrethe II
Dominican Republic
Juan Bosch
Egypt
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Estonia
Lennart Meri
Mart Laar
Ethiopia
Haile Selassie
France
Jean Jaurès
Louis Barthou
Pierre Mendès-France
Charles de Gaulle
Maurice Couve de Murville
François Mitterrand
Edouard Balladur
Jacques Chirac
Dominique de Villepin
François Hollande
Emmanuel Macron
Georgia
Zviad Ghamsakhurdia
Germany
Wilhelm II
Adolf Hitler
East Germany
Walter Ulbricht
West Germany
Konrad Adenauer
Theodor Heuss
Willy Brandt
Helmut Kohl
Richard von Weizsäcker
Angela Merkel
Joachim Gauck
Greece
Eleftherios Venizelos
Spyridon Lambros
Themistocles Sophoulis
Panayotis Kanellopoulos
Spyridon Markezinis
Kostas Karamanlis
Grenada
George Brizan
Guatemala
Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán
Guyana
Cheddie Jagan
Haiti
Jean-François Duvalier
Leslie Manigat
Hungary
József Antall
Viktor Orbán
Iceland
Kristján Eldjárn
Guðni Johannesson
India
Jawaharlal Nehru
Rajendra Prasad
Indira Gandhi
Pranab Mukherjee
Narendra Modi
Indonesia
Sukarno
Iran
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
Haji Ali Razmara
Ruhollah Khomeini
Iraq
Saddam Husayn
Ireland
Douglas Hyde
Michael Higgins
Israel
David Ben Gurion
Itzhak Ben-Zvi
Ariel Sharon
Italy
Benito Mussolini
Luigi Einaudi
Amintore Fanfani
Giovanni Spadolini
Ivory Coast
Laurent Gbagbo
Jamaica
Michael Manley
Japan
Yoshihito
Yasuhiro Nakasone
Shinzō Abe
Naruhito
Kenya
Jomo Kenyatta
Mwai Kibaki
Korea, North
Kim Il-Sung
Kim Jong-il
Kosovo
Hashim Thaçi
Laos
Katay Don Sasorith
Libya
Muammar al-Qaddafi
Lithuania
Vytautas Landsbergis
Malawi
Hastings Kamuzu Banda
Maldives
Kenereege Mohamed Nasheed
Mali
Alpha Konaré
Malta
Ugo Mifsud Bonnici
Mexico
José López Portillo
Netherlands
Jan Peter Balkenende
Willem-Alexander van Oranje
Mark Rutte
New Zealand
Bernard Fergusson
Jacinda Ardern
Oman
Qaboos bin Said Al Said
Pakistan
Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Benazir Bhutto
Imran Khan
Palestinian Authority
Mahmoud Abbas
Panama
Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované
Paraguay
Cecilio Baez González
Juan Natalicio González Paredes
Philippines
Ferdinand Marcos
Bongbong Marcos
Poland
Jan Kucharzewski
Henryk Jabłoński
Mieczysław Rakowski
Lech Kaczyński
Jaroslaw Kaczyński
Donald Tusk
Bronisław Komorowski
Mateusz Morawiecki
Portugal
António Salazar
Marcelo Caetano
Mário Soares
Romania
Nicolae Iorga
Nicolae Ceauşescu
Russia
Vladimir Putin
Senegal
Leopold Sédar Senghor
Serbia
Stojan Novaković
South Africa
Nelson Mandela
Spain
Niceto Alcalá-Zamora y Torres
Sweden
Nils Edén
Gustav VI Adolf
Tajikistan
Emomali Rahmonov
Tanzania
Julius Nyerere
Trinidad and Tobago
Eric Williams
Tunisia
Habib Bourguiba
Turkey
Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk)
Şemsettin Günaltay
Bülent Ecevit
Turgut Özal
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Turkmenistan
Saparmurat Niyazov
Ukraine
Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Victor Yushchenko
Volodymyr Zelensky
United Kingdom
George V
Elizabeth II
Winston Churchill
Margaret Thatcher
Gordon Brown
Boris Johnson
Charles III
United States
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
Franklin Roosevelt
Harry Truman
Dwight Eisenhower
John Kennedy
Jimmy Carter
Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Donald Trump
Joe Biden
Uruguay
Eduardo Víctor Haedo
Yamandú Orsi Martínez
USSR
Vladimir Lenin
Joseph Stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
Mikhail Gorbachev
Gennady Yanayev
Uzbekistan
Islam Karimov
Vatican
Pius XII
Venezuela
José Gil Fortoul
Hugo Chávez Frías
Vietnam
Tran Trong Kim
Ho Chi Minh
Zimbabwe
Robert Mugabe
LIST OF POLITICAL LEADERS (BEFORE 1900)
Albania
Ali Pasha of Tepelena [Ali Pasha of Yannina] (1740–1822)
Argentina
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811–1888)
Byzantian Empire
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (905–959)
Denmark
Christian IV (1577–1648)
England
Elisabeth I (1533–1603)
France
Napoleon (1769–1821)
Napoleon III (1808–1873)
Germany
Frederick II the Great of Prussia (1712–1786)
Maximilian II of Bavaria (1811–1864)
Catharina Paulowna of Württemberg (1788–1819)
Otto von Bismarck
Greece/Macedonia
Alexander the Great (356–323 BCE)
India
Babur (1483–1530)
Italy / Rome
Julius Cesar (ca. 100–44 BCE)
Claudius (10 BCE–54 CE)
Macchiavelli (1469–1527)
Mexico
Lucas Alamán (1792–1853)
Netherlands
Maurits of Nassau (1567–1625)
Queen Sophie (1818–1877)
Philippines
José Rizal (1861–1896)
Romania
Kogalniceanu, Mihail (Ilie) (1817–1891)
Russia
Catherina the Great (1729–1796)
Spain
Alfonso X el Sabio (1220–1284)
Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio (1828–1897)
Castelar y Ripoll Emilio (1832–1899)
Sweden
Gustavus II Adolphus (1594–1632)
Thailand
Mongkut Rama IV (1804–1868)
United States
Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)
James Garfield (1831–1881)